Energi is a self-funding (no ICO and no premine) cryptocurrency that has a purpose to become the world’s leading cryptocurrency with the unification of Smart Contracts, Governance and Self-funding Treasury to ensure longevity and enable rapid growth. You can read more about why we decided to self-fund and chose not to conduct an ICO here. Energi provides a small allocation to Proof-of-Stake (PoS) rewards, takes a bulk of the coin issuance and gives it to its treasury and active Masternodes. Energi also allocates 10% on-going reward to the leadership of the Energi Backbone, which is significantly less compared to today’s ICOs’ rewarding their founders between 20–50% of the tokens distributed. Another trait that sets Energi apart from ICOs is they give an on-going 10% allocation through each block reward, rather than rewarding the founders up-front.
2. What are the Fundamentals of Energi?
Scalability
1 minute block times and a 2 megabyte block size limit provide Energi with a vast transaction capacity for regular on-chain transactions. This allows for plenty of space on the blockchain for extremely fast transactions with very low fees. Energi features a powerful on-chain scaling solution with a system of incentivized full nodes called Energi Masternodes. A Masternode is a full node backed by 1,000 NRG collateral that provides level 2 scalability to the Energi Cryptocurrency. 40% of the emissions of Energi is allocated to Masternodes, providing an extremely strong incentive to grow the number of full nodes and scalability of the network.
Funding
A key feature of Energi is its powerful treasury system. Energi makes up to 40% of the emissions available to the treasury, to be utilized in a manner that provides maximum benefit. Treasury allocation is decentralized, allowing for submitted proposals from anyone, to be voted on by Masternodes and paid out from the emissions. Energi has a 14 day treasury cycle, allowing quick payments for proposal authors and contributors, as well as strategic responsiveness to effective proposals. Energi is guided by the principle that every dollar spent from its funding model should yield more than one dollar of value in return. Thanks to a 14 day treasury cycle, the Energi team is able to measure results and respond quickly to changes in strategy.
Governance
The Energi Treasury is a decentralized governance model designed with Masternodes as caretakers, with voting rights on how to best utilize treasury funding. This governance model reduces risk by allowing participation from everyone who holds 1,000 NRG as a Masternode. In this way, the Energi community can work together on how to best build the strategic direction of Energi.
Inflation
Energi Cryptocurrency has a simple rate of inflation at 1 million coins per month with no maximum cap. This ensures consistency in funding allocation, Masternode rewards, and PoS rewards, making the economics of the cryptocurrency more understandable for everyone who chooses to participate in Energi. No coin supply limit ensures that Energi is prepared for the long term, avoiding “bubble” economics caused by dramatic early inflation that in most coins only serves to benefit founders ahead of increased adoption.
Distribution
Energi conducted a fair launch on April 14, 2018 with no ICO and no premine. Prior to launch, the Energi team gave a specific time and date for the launch of its main net, which its vibrant community eagerly awaited, so that mining could begin fairly, again avoiding centralization among the coin founders (It's important to note that Energi has transitioned from Proof-of-Work consensus to a Proof-of-Stake consensus). Energi Masternode payments were designed to begin at block 216000, which occurred on September 18, 2018, almost 160 days after launch. This ensured time to list Energi on exchanges, and to grow the community, encouraging fair and equitable distribution before the extremely powerful Masternode rewards began. It is all too common for Masternode coins to feature a premine, which has the effect of centralizing distribution among the founders and early adopters. From 2018 to 2020, Energi distributed nearly 4 million coins to users who contributed to spreading awareness of the project with social media activities about Energi, such as tweets, follows, and subscriptions on all major social media platforms.
Decentralization
Decentralized governance with Masternodes helps to ensure everyone is able to participate in Energi and help guide the project to achieve the best results. The change to the requirement to run a Masternode, from 10 000 NRG to 1 000 NRG, has allowed more people to be involved and boosted decentralization for the whole project.
Long Term Vision
All of the above features seamlessly work together in concert, to ensure that Energi is prepared for the long term. Rather than try to closely find a niche in the market, Energi is prepared to adapt and overcome all challenges for many years to come. Energi’s use case is that of a traditional cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin. However, Energi’s strategy is to excel by avoiding the pitfalls of previous projects, while further utilizing and improving upon the most powerful ideas in the cryptocurrency space.
3. Coin Specs
Ticker: NRG Block time: 1 minute. Hashing Algorithm: Dagger-Hashimoto (similar to Ethereum). Masternode requirements: 1,000 Energi. Treasury cycle: Every 14 days. Approximately 1 million Energi will be released per month. The allocations can be observed easily as “10/10/40/40.” 10% will go to the Energi Backbone. 10% to the PoS participants 40% to Masternodes. 40% to the Treasury. Thus, for every block, allocations are: 2.28 Energi to the Backbone, 2.28 Energi to the PoS participants, 9.14 Energi to the Treasury, and 9.14 Energi to Masternodes. Since Treasury allocations are paid in two-week cycles, they are made in lump sums of approximately 184,000 Energi every 14 days. In order to allow for widespread distribution of Energi before Masternode payments began, Masternode rewards were delayed until day 150. This was to allow the airdrop campaign to be completed and ensure a large amount of NRG is spread out through the community. Until that point, Masternode rewards were redirected to the Treasury. Thus for the first 5 months, the Treasury gained approximately 368,000 Energi every two weeks (about 800k Energi per month). The airdrop campaign was designed to release ~4 million Energi to the community.
Upcoming Major Riecoin 0.20 Upgrade A new major Riecoin upgrade is planned, and includes a hard fork. Below is a summary of the changes so far and the hard fork improvements. More details can be found on BitcoinTalk. Feel free to ask Pttn there or on Discord if you have questions regarding the update. The first step of this upgrade was to update the base code to Bitcoin’s 0.20, which is done. You can find the experimental code at the Github repository. Experimental binaries can also be downloaded here. Despite their prerelease status, they should work fine, though please backup your wallets if you plan to use 0.20, just in case. Pool operators and other advanced Riecoin users should start looking into the changes and update their software accordingly, as well as closely follow the Riecoin Core development. Here is a list of notable changes from 0.16.3.1.
There were inconsistencies regarding the nTime and nBits positions in the Block Header. This is now fixed, with nTime always coming before nBits like for Bitcoin. Note that rieMiner needs an update to Solo Mine with 0.20, which is already available;
Testnet was reset. Additionally, the constellations for Testnet are no longer sextuplets, but quadruplets, and the minimum Difficulty was raised to 600. If you want to run a public Testnet node, please use the bootstrap found here and share your node IP;
The “getnetworkhashps” command was replaced by “getnetworkminingpower” and uses a new metric, standardized such that 1 correspond to mining a minimum difficulty block (Difficulty 304 in Mainnet or 600 in Testnet) every 150 s;
The GetBlockTemplate’s “primes” field is replaced by “constellations”, which gives a list of accepted constellations for mining. The “segwit” rule is now mandatory;
The “getprimes” RPC call is replaced by “getresult” and gives directly the base prime number, instead of all the prime numbers;
Generated addresses are now Bech32 by default;
The RegTest is now properly implemented (the PoW here is simply prime numbers). Most of the test units were ported to Riecoin;
And of course, all the Bitcoin features and bug fixes since 0.17 are now included in Riecoin. Read the Bitcoin Core change logs for more information.
The next step will be the hard fork, in order to improve Riecoin in multiple ways. Here is the list of planned changes.
The constellation pattern will be changed from sextuplets to septuplets (quintuplets in Testnet). Both possible patterns will be accepted, so the blockchain will provide more diverse results. One of them will have a chance to be a 8-tuple or longer, which would help a lot to beat records and improve the Riecoin’s scientific usefulness. Moreover, longer tuples are more practical as PoW;
The SuperBlock system will be removed. While records have indeed been broken this way, it also has significant drawbacks, like freezing the network during an hour every week and a complicated implementation that also confuses a lot of people;
The Difficulty Adjustment Algorithm will be updated to improve the network’s robustness and make the adjustment more dynamic. No particular algorithm has been chosen yet and the discussion is open;
The nOffset encoding will be updated in order to allow more efficient mining.
Once the development is advanced enough, a date will be chosen for the hard fork. Testnet will be hardforked first to ensure the well functioning of the implementation. Stay tuned!
Reddcoin (RDD) Core Wallet Release - v3.10.0rc4 Core Staking (PoSV v2) Wallet including MacOS Catalina and more!
https://github.com/reddcoin-project/reddcoin/releases/tag/v3.10.0rc4 Reddcoin (RDD) Core Dev team releases v3.10.0rc4 Core Wallet. Includes full MacOS Catalina support, Bitcoin 0.10 codebase features, security and other enhancements. Full changelog available on github, complete release notes to be published with full 3.10.0 release anticipated shortly. NOTE: This v3.10.0rc4 code is pre-release, but may be used on mainnet for normal operations. This final "release candidate" version addresses an issue identified where the individual posv v2 stake transaction could be modified such that no funds went to the developer. - See Issue #155 for description. Also includes additional components of enhanced build system; Travis continuous integration (CI) and Transifex translations. Prerelease v3.10.0rc4 binary code is not certificate signed. To assist in translations, correct text, or add languages, please join the following team: https://www.transifex.com/reddcoin/reddcoin/qt-translation-v310/ To assist in other aspects of the Reddcoin project, please contact TechAdept or any member of the team. Bootstrap (zipped folder of blockchain, date of upload 5-1-20) may be downloaded here if required: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ItVFGiDyIH5SfCNhfrj29Qavg8LWmfZy/view?usp=sharing Commits included since rc3: 2a8c7e6 Preparations for 3.10.0 rc4 4a6f398 Update translations 7aa5151 build: update reference time to something more recent 1a65b8c Update translations d4a1ca6 transifex: update translation instructions a03895b transifex: update config for this release 51ad1e0 move check before supermajority reached 794680f Make check for developer address when receiving block 457503e travis: Remove group: legacy 97d3a2a travis: Remove depreciated sudo flag 21dcfa6 docs: update release notes 7631aac update error messages 5b41e31 check that the outputs of the stake are correct. 9bd1820 travis: test with wallet enabled 55f2dd5 fix reference to Reddcoin 220f404 travis: disable libs for windows builds (temp) b044e0f depends: qt update download source path 2fe2d85 depends: set new download source 4cf531e remove duplicated entry 0d8d0da travis: diable tests e13ad81 travis: manually disable sse2 support for ARM processors 1f62045 travis: fix crash due to missing (and not required) package 0fb3b75 travis: update path 9d6a642 docs: update travis build status badge with correct path https://github.com/reddcoin-project/reddcoin/releases/tag/v3.10.0rc4
Soo, i found some old wallet files stored away. I probably hasn't anything on them, but you never know.... I downloaded Bitcoin Core and trying to check it, but it seems like i need to download the whole chainstate first, 230gb that is. i'we only progressed 25% in 24hrs, and my poor old HHD is getting hammered 100%, it probably doens't like that. I tried getting it from this site but it seems to be dead: https://getbitcoinblockchain.com/ Any solutions? I'm currently downloading a 21gb bootstrap.dat that supposedly will get my client and wallet up to date, but dunno of that helps.
Recap of Chromia AMA with the CEO of Chromia, @henrik_hjelte on BithumbGlobal telegram community dated 14.04.2020.
The AMA was moderated by u/Sidonpee. Sidonpee Let’s start with the introduction question: u/henrik_hjelteCan you introduce yourself to the community? What is your background? Henrik Hjelte I’m the CEO of ChromaWay, the company that started the Chromia project. My background is 30+ years as a developer (got payed first when I was 15), then studied Business and other things (politics and philosophy). Worked as Finance and IT consultant. THen wanted to be an entrepreneur. started a “web 2.0” startup about a free-speech internet. Hired our current CTO as a developer. THen joined his colored-coins project, the first token protocol ie the start of blockchain in 2012. Sorry. I’m now 50 years old, the math didn’t add up. That is why I’m the CEO and not CFO. Sidonpee Q1. What is Chromia? Can you tell us the technology behind it and the features that makes it unique? Henrik Hjelte Chromia is a new public blockchain based on the idea of integrating traditional databases, “Relational databases” with blockchain security. In the normal world outside blockchain, there is one technology that is in 100% of all enterprises and powers almost all webpages. It build Facebook, SAP, banks, blogging platforms. It is the relational database, or SQL database. Has been used for 30+ years and is still dominant with 85% market share. Why are people using it (NoSQL has been around for 15+ years)? Because it is the best way of managing data known to mankind. Now what is blockchani? It is a way to manage data that is shared. So if you agree that blockchain is about managing data, a relational database should be an obvious technology. Chromia is a general purpose blockchain with full smart contract capabilities, just that it is a lot easier to code, even complex applications. You code with an easy to learn new programming language that combines the power of SQL and “normal languages” but makes it secure in a blockchain context. Up to 1/10 the code-lines vs other blockchains. Sidonpee Q2. I often see Chromia and ChromaWay being used interchangeably, what is the relationship between the two? Henrik Hjelte The idea for Chromia and parts of the codebase originated from the company ChromaWay. It is actually one of the first blockchain companies, we had a project for tokens before ethereum called the “colored coins” project that led to us starting a company with a name take from the greek word for color. In 2015 we did what is now called stable-coin, EURO payments based on tokens on a public blockchain (tokens on bitcoin). It was for a bank LHV in Estonia. When we need to quickly find information, we could not search the blockchain and instead started to dump everything to a relational database, and then the idea started to grow to build a blockchain around this. So we did a private blockchain, intended for usecases in land-registration, banking and more. And then came up with the idea of doing a public blockchain for it. ChromaWay is the company that ideated Chromia and provided the first open source code for it. The Chromia pre-sale of tokens is now funding the development of Chromia, which is done by ChromaWay. When Chromia is released as a decentralized network, it will not be governed or run by ChromaWay. Of course we know it has to be decentralized, we understand the virtues of decentralization since 2012 when our CTO did the worlds first code for tokens, then started an open-source project which even inspired Vitalik (who soon quit and did his own thing). ChromaWay as a company will take a role as providing optional support and maintenance of Chromia projects (open for competition by other players). Sidonpee Q3. What’s the usefulness of $CHR token in Chromia ecosystem? Henrik Hjelte CHR can be used to pay for running dapps (normally by the developer of the dapp, not users). It can also be used as a mean of exchange between dapps, and to provide collateral/stake for providers (the ones running the blockchain), incentivizing good behaviour. Sidonpee Q4. What are the major milestones Chromia has achieved so far & what are your plans for 2020? Henrik Hjelte We have released Rell, the new programming language that is needed, and supported tooling (online Development Environment, downloadable IDE, documentation). We have release the first testnet in december, and at the same time another company 4irelabs has done the first dapp running on testnet. They could take our old code (done as a private blockchain), learn our new language Rell and port it to Chromia. That project is the Green Assets Wallet, green bond environmental impact reporting, run by a non-profit and with banks and institutions as users. Plans for 2020 is to both release a series of dApps to showcase how fantastic Chromia is, as well as continue to develop the platform. And when it is secure and good enough, we will release mainnet. Dapps are now being made by us as well as others. We do a decentralized social network framework call chromunity, now release to testnet. If is really cool, users can vote over moderators, and in the future users might even govern the complete application, how it can be updated. This is a great showcase for Chromia and why we use the slogan Power to the Public. Games coming are….
Mines of Dalarnia (by Workinman Interactive). An action game in a mine with blockchain rental of plots and stuff.
Krystopia 2, novas journey. A puzzle game done by Antler Interactive.
An indie game (not done by us so I don’t know how much I shoiul;d menton), but: it is a strategy game with FULL-LOGIC ON BLOCKHCHAIN yes ubercool that is why it is in caps
A secret demo-project that we do together with Antler to showcase the technical potential of Chromia platform.
More comin in 2020: Other dapps from other companies, one in impact-tech Games is a great way to show scalability and features BTW. I didn’t mention that Chromia is very scalable (everyone says that). But it is true, and with no tradeoff vs decentralization well, but I can also see enterprise projects going into more of public blockchain direction and hybrid, and there I think Chromia can really shine Sidonpee Q5. Revenue and adoption are the main points of all projects, can you tell us your Business model and how you generate revenue? Henrik Hjelte Chromia itself is a public network with no intrinsic business model, but participants in the network has. For example Providers make money from supplying quality hardware running dapps and the core software, dapp developers have individual business models. I already told about about ChromaWay/Chromia, but ChromaWay the company can provide support/maintenance and various services and add-ons for Chromia. It is very similar to how normal open-source vendors make money. Still up to competition from others, and without control over the Chromia network. We need it to be independent, otherwise it has no value. So it is sound business to have it decentralized as well, who would care otherwise? Sidonpee Q6. Regarding Chromia’s blockchain game (Minesofdalarnia), I’m quite sure that vast majority of game lovers would be anticipating for it release, could you please share with us the likely date it will be released? Henrik Hjelte Yes I can We have made very good progress recently, and I can happily share that MoD is planned to be released now in Q2. Anastasia Meanwhile you can check the Mines of Dalarnia Social Media page for recent updates on the game https://twitter.com/Chromia_Studios . We publish development updates there often. You can also sign-up for early access on https://www.minesofdalarnia.com 😉 Sidonpee Q7. Recently Chromia welcome Malcolm Lerider who was formally a Senior R&D Manager for Neo Blockchain as its new team and family member. When he was with Neo, he worked together with the community and was able to build the project from a top 50-something market cap project to a top 5 market cap project. Should we be expecting a replica of this at Chromia in the nearest future? Henrik Hjelte Yes. we are very excited to have Malcolm on-board, he is very knowledgeable in the area, and his expertise will definitely help with achieving that. Malcolm recently published an article where he introduced himself as a new member of Chromia. You can read it over here, if you haven’t already: https://medium.com/@MalcolmLeridei-am-joining-team-chromia-b25d527b5b6f Sidonpee Q8. Green Asset Wallet is absolutely an amazing starter in the Chromia blockchain! I would like to hear how you guys see the future business development possibilities in the next /6/12 months? Are there specific business areas, geographical locations, which you want to focus on most? Henrik Hjelte Thank you, yes, it is nice to have a project that is enterprise, and green too as the first one. We are working both to reach out but also support inbound requests for projects, I shared some above. Sometimes with business development, ChromaWAy might find a customeprospect but we don’t know where it will end. We think however, and Gartner too, that enterprise blockchain is gradually looking more at public blockchain projects. I think DeFI, tokenization of assets and things like that is interesting. Also, hopefully someone will be inspired by our solution to a free, open, user-governed decentralized social web, what we are now showing with Chromunity. Jack Dorsey, are you listening? We don’t have a particular geographical focus though, and really it is a generic platform use-case agnostic. We use games to show potential and scalability, but who knows maybe other applications will be more. It is not only up to us. Sidonpee Q9. Who are Chromia’s strategic investors and partners? What criteria/ process do you follow in evaluating your partnership deal with them? Henrik Hjelte We have some strategic investors and partners that have helped us during the way, I think maybe I should not mention them here with the risk of forgetting some of them, and I have no time to check if we should mention them, We (and the partner) look at how we can help each other on a case by case basis. There is no simple scorecard that we can follow. We try to avoid vanity partnership deals with no real meaning Sidonpee Q10. Why did Chromia develop a new language called Rell (Relational language) for dapp programming? Is the development of this new language really necessary? If yes, what are some of its unique features that cannot be found in other existing languages/environments? Henrik Hjelte Yes it was necessary. We need the features of relational alegbra. It is is a mathematical basis, very similar to logic, that has only had basically one implementation (SQL). But SQL was not secure enough and lacked features that can be used in a shared context like a blockchain. Everything needs to be secure. Also we wanted to add blockchain features, and make it look more like “normal programming”. Now some of the readers might ask? Can’t you do this on the EVM? No. Ethereum does simply not have anything similar to a relational database, and it would be technically infeasible. Some others may ask? How can you compete with the EVM /pet-project that have soo many developers etc…? My answer is : we are building on top of a virtual machine called Postgresql. Check how much time, optimization and money has been spent on that virtual machine… I think it is 20 years or more of development time, maybe more. Static typing is one feature we add that SQL doesn’t have (you can detect bugs at compile time) Yusuf What have been the major obstacle Chromia has faced in the past years while developing its idea? Whats the benefits for developers at Chromia? Why should we use Chromia instead of your competitors? Henrik Hjelte Obstacle: Technology/software developement is hard sometimes, difficult to predict when things are ready. Major benefits for developers: A LOT EASIER to code COMPLEX applications. I’m serious. If you are frustrated with blockchain development, take a look at the ease of use of Rell/Chromia LA LA DeFi is projected to buzz up in 2020 and is on everybody lips, what ROLES does Chromia play in the innovativeness and future of DeFi and how does it spearhead adoption of DeFi using blockchain solution? Henrik Hjelte Finance would be almost unthinkable without relational databases, the power core banking and more. An exchange is a table of bid and ask, and you match them. This is very easy to do with our tech. Sujit If any Dapp is created on Chromia Blockchain! Then is there any Gas fees charged by Chromia? Whats the concept of fees for Dapps on Chromia Blockchain? Henrik Hjelte No gas per user fee. The application pays for hosting, like a cloud. Normally the developer, unless the developer hands over the governenace of the application to someone else (maybe the users). Sujit If any Dapp is created on Chromia Blockchain! Then are there any Gas fees charged by Chromia? Whats the concept of fees for Dapps on Chromia Blockchain? Henrik Hjelte No gas per user fee. The application pays for hosting, like a cloud. Normally the developer, unless the developer hands over the governenace of the application to someone else (maybe the users). Mayowa Most blockchain projects have donated to COVID-19, but no news from Chromia. How will you contribute to fight COVID-19? Henrik Hjelte I had to answr this: I spent my free weekend time on a covid-19 hackathon the other week to do a solution to share medical equipment across countries. It is on our facebook I think u/anastasiazudina maybe you can share Anastasia We want to do our part for the ongoing covid19 crisis. Therefore, we were participating in the critical initiative HackTheCrisis. During the virtual hackathon, we tried to find good solutions for the new unique challenges that we now as a society are facing. https://www.facebook.com/chromaway/posts/2171037456376083 Mayowa Chromia creates a new lightweight programming language called RELL. How is this different and better for programmers than other popular language like Solidity, C++ and Java? Henrik Hjelte When you think about a large Java project done for say a bank. Ask the developers what OTHER thing they use? DO they ONLY use Java and store files on a server? Or do they also use a database. You will find that in 99.9% of cases they ALSO use a relational database. No one would EVER think about doing a solution to manage data with ONLY Java, C++ or whatever. Alejandro Urich For the development of the Dapps, do you only support Rell? Is it possible to program in another language that works with Chromia? Henrik Hjelte Because we require both relational database properties and more security than SQL, currently Rell is the only choice. It is really easy to learn, and in all cases if we allowed a “normal” language it would miss the feautures of relational databases. zafer metin Mr Henrik What are the advantages of Postchain used for Chromia? How is a consortium provided to database management with distributed control? Anastasia Thank you for your interest in Postchain uses! We have an article written what answers exactly those questions: https://blog.chromia.com/postchain-for-the-public-scaling-relational-blockchain/ Stay At Home As I know providers will be chosen by Chromaway, so how is it decentralized due to choice is totally in Chromaway? Henrik Hjelte Initial providers. We will migrate to a model where ChromaWAy has no more say than anyone else. But we need to bootstrap and start. Better to choose good initial providers. David Prince What is your long-term vision about the industry which Chromia is working at? Are you afraid someday there will be another Project with more innovative technology can replace Chromia? Henrik Hjelte Well. Blockchain is about managing data (in a shared context). I’m repeating myself but the market leading (85%) for 30+ years slution to manage data is a relational database. We are now the only relational database + blockchain. Who knows, maybe some better way to manage data will be invented? But even NoSQL who has been around and bark like a little dog has after a decade or more time only 15% market share. I think our tech will stand the mark of time. Sidonpee The AMA session with the Chronia team has finally come to an end. We’re greatly astonished having a well-articulated AMA session with Chronia’s CEO Henrik Hjelte u/henrik_hjelte and community/social media manager team Anastasia u/anastasiazudina in the community👨💻👌 Also, we are indeed overwhelmed by all our esteemed community members, for your support and enthusiasm for the project. For more information and to be part of the project, you may join the Chronia’s community here via: https://t.me/hellochromia Telegram (https://t.me/hellochromia)Chromia — Official English Group The official Chromia community group by ChromaWay. Where dapps thrive!
The reason for the update My Reddcoin Core software crashed and became unusable. My Raspberry Pi 3B would lag and freeze, I couldn't stake anymore.
Instead of just redoing everything the same way, I wanted to see if I could improve on 3 points:
Use an OS that was lighter
Update the Reddcoin Core software (2.0.0.0 => 2.0.1.2)
Make improvements to the configuration.
The updates
OS: using Lubuntu instead of Ubuntu MATE. Lubuntu uses less resources (130 MB RAM vs. 190 MB RAM on initial boot).
Reddcoin Core: v2.0.1.2-a8767ba-beta instead of v2.0.0.0-92768f9-beta.
Swap: using a swap partiton instead of a swap file. Also adjusting the swap size: from 1 GB to 2 GB, after reading the comments to my previous tutorial.
All data to USB: Blockchain data and the swap are now stored on the USB drive, instead of the SD card.
Private keys: added instructions on how to backup the private keys of your Reddcoin addresses!
If you would like to tip me Writing a tutorial like this takes time and effort; tips are appreciated. My Reddcoin address: RqvdnNX5MTam855Y2Vudv7yVgtXdcYaQAW.
Storage space: I am using an 8 GB microSD card for the OS, and a 128 GB USB drive for data. Minimums I would recommend: 8GB SD card and 32 GB USB drive.
Reddcoin Core client version: v2.0.1.2-a8767ba-beta (most recent version at this moment). ↳ Screenshot
Steps
You need the OS; Lubuntu. Download Lubuntu (707 MB) for the Raspberry Pi: https://ubuntu-pi-flavour-maker.org/download/. It's a .torrent download, so you will need a BitTorrent client. Message me or post in this thread if you need help with this.
You need software to write the OS to the SD card. I use Etcher. Download Etcher: https://etcher.io/.
Run Etcher.
Select image: select the lubuntu-16.04.2-desktop-armhf-raspberry-pi.img.xz file.
Select drive: select your microSD card.
Flash.
Plug the SD card into your Raspberry Pi and power it up.
Lubuntu should boot up.
Set up Lubuntu, connect to the internet (wired or wireless). ↳ As username, I chose "rpi3b". You will see this username throughout this whole tutorial.
Make sure date and time are correct ([Menu] > System Tools > Time and Date). ↳ Click on Unlock to make changes. I personally change Configuration to "Keep synchronized with Internet servers". ↳ Screenshot
Reboot ([Menu] > Logout > Reboot). I am connected to wifi, but have issues getting wifi to work on initial boot. A reboot solves this issue.
Make sure system is up-to-date, install never versions.
Open LXTerminal ([Menu] > System Tools > LXTerminal). ↳ Screenshot
Enter the following in LXTerminal: sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade ↳ Screenshot
You will be asked if you really want to continue. Enter Y (yes).
Updates are being installed! Wait until it's finished.
Install programs that will be used in this tutorial.
GParted: to partition the USB drive.
Htop: to see the amount of memory (RAM) and swap that is in use.
Enter the following in LXTerminal to install these 2 programs. sudo apt install gparted && sudo apt install htop ↳ Screenshot
Create 2 partitions on the USB drive: 1) Swap partition 2) data partition (for the Reddcoin blockchain) The swap partition is necessary: The Reddcoin wallet can be memory intensive. To prevent any crashes or freezes, add 2 GB of 'virtual' memory by creating a swap partition.
Important: Backup your USB drive if needed. The USB drive will be formatted, so the data on the USB drive will be wiped.
Please use the USB drive solely for this purpose, do not combine it with other stuff.
Keep your USB drive plugged in, do not (randomly) plug it out.
Plug your USB drive in.
GParted will be used to create the partititons. Start GParted via LXTerminal: sudo gparted ↳ Screenshot
In GParted, switch from your SD card (default) to your USB drive. ↳ Screenshot ↳ Screenshot
You will now see the all the partition on USB drive. Delete every partition (right mouse click). If you can't select Delete, do an Unmount first. ↳ Screenshot ↳ Screenshot
After deleting all partition, you will only see 'unallocated' space on your USB drive. ↳ Screenshot
Create the first partition: the swap partition. Right click on the blank space, select New and enter the following:
Apply the changes. Click on the check mark or select Edit > Apply All Operations. ↳ Screenshot ↳ Screenshot
Important: The name of the swap partition is needed later, so please write it down. Mine is /dev/sda1 (first partition on first drive (drive 'a')). ↳ Screenshot
Reboot. After the reboot, the data partition you just created should be visible on your desktop. ↳ Screenshot
The swap partition is created, so now we can enable and use it.
The swap in use can be monitored with the program Htop. Open Htop ([Menu] > System Tools > Htop) to see the 'Swp' (swap) in use. ↳ Screenshot By default, swap is not used, so 0K. ↳ Screenshot You can leave Htop open.
To enable the swap partition, open LXTerminal and enter the following commands: (Assuming /dev/sda1 is your swap partition.)
You've enabled the swap partition. Switch back to Htop and check the 'Swp' (swap) value. It should read '2.0G'. ↳ Screenshot
To make sure the swap file is persistent (so it survives a reboot), you have to add a line to the /etc/fstab file.
In LXTerminal, enter the following command to open the file in Leafpad (text editor): sudo leafpad /etc/fstab ↳ Screenshot
In Leafpad, add this text in a new line: /dev/sda1 swap swap defaults 0 0 ↳ Screenshot (I've added spaces to vertically align the text.)
Save and close the file.
Reboot your Pi.
To see if the swap partition is in use after a reboot, open Htop ([Menu] > System Tools > htop) and check the 'Swp' (swap) value. It should read '2.0G'. ↳ Screenshot
So, the swap partition is enabled and in use, and the data partition is prepared. We now can install the necessary software for the Reddcoin wallet; enter the following commands into LXTerminal:
After the reboot, open LXTerminal again. Download, unpack, configure, build and install Berkeley DB.
Set the working directory to your USB drive: cd /media/rpi3b/usb (rpi3b is the username I chose; if you have a different username, change it to yours.) ↳ Screenshot
Download the source of the Reddcoin wallet and build it.
Set the working directory to your USB drive: cd /media/rpi3b/usb (rpi3b is the username I chose; if you have a different username, change it to yours.)
Speed up synchronizing with the Reddcoin blockchain by bootstrapping.
Set the working directory to your USB drive: cd /media/rpi3b/usb (rpi3b is the username I chose; if you have a different username, change it to yours.)
Unpack the file (large file, takes around 15 minutes to unpack): sudo xz -d bootstrap.dat.xz ↳ Screenshot
After a successful unpack, your will find the file bootstrap.dat in your USB root folder. ↳ Screenshot
On the first run of the Reddcoin Core client, it will ask for a data directory to store the blockchain and wallet data.
Start the Reddcoin Core client: sudo /media/rpi3b/usb/reddcoin/src/qt/reddcoin-qt ↳ Screenshot
The welcome screen will appear and ask you about the data directory. I suggest a new folder on your USB drive, I picked blockchain. The directory will be created with all the necessary files. ↳ Screenshot
Click on the three dots (...) on the right. ↳ Screenshot
Click on Create Folder at the upper right corner. Type and enter in the folder name. (In my case: blockchain.) Click on Open. ↳ Screenshot ↳ Screenshot ↳ Screenshot
After selecting the directory, the Reddcoin Core client will start. Wait till it's fully loaded and close it.
Move the bootstrap.dat file to your data directory you selected in the previous step. By doing this, Reddcoin Core will use the bootstrap.dat file to import the blockchain, which speeds up syncing. sudo mv bootstrap.dat /media/rpi3b/usb/blockchain/ (Assuming blockchain as data directory.) ↳ Screenshot
The Reddcoin Core client set up is completed, but you still have to sync fully with the blockchain before you can send, receive and stake.
Keep the client running until it's fully synchronized. It will use the bootstrap file first, and download the rest of the blockchain to complete the sync. This can take some time (it took 2 days for me). Syncing the blockchain uses a lot of resources, so the software may react slow.
You can see the progress in the debug window (Help > Debug window). ↳ Screenshot
When the synchronization is completed, the red (out of sync) will disappear on the Overview screen! ↳ Screenshot
When synchronization is complete, you can start staking your Reddcoins.
Your wallet will be encrypted, and the Reddcoin Core client will be closed. Launch the Reddcore Client again. sudo /media/usb/reddcoin/src/qt/reddcoin-qt
To start stake, you need to unlock your wallet (by entering your password).
[01:11] Reddcoin Core started (sudo password entered).
[01:13] Message shown on screen: Loading block index...
[10:14] Message shown on screen: Verifying blocks...
[10:18] Message shown on screen: Loading wallet...
[12:49] Message shown on screen: Done loading
[13:13] Reddcoin Core ready to use.
Extra
Backup Backup your wallet to prevent losing the RDDs in your wallet! There are two methods to backup, do both. Make new backups if you create a new receiving address!
Method 1: Backup your wallet.dat. Open Reddcoin Core. Use the menu to backup: File > Backup Wallet... ↳ Screenshot
Method 2: Backup your private keys. In case you lose your wallet.dat backup, you still can import your private keys later when needed.
To extract your private keys:
If you have a passphrase on your wallet, unlock your wallet first. Settings -> Unlock Wallet... (make sure 'For staking only' is not checked) ↳ Screenshot ↳ Screenshot
You can write down your private key or copy and save it in a document. Make sure you save it somewhere only you can access it.
To import later: Debug window -> Console -> importprivkey [label] [label] is optional. ↳ Screenshot (without a label) ↳ Screenshot (with a label)
Boot with only 1 USB drive plugged in: Make sure only the USB drive (with the swap partition and data partition) is plugged in when you boot up your Raspberry Pi. This to make sure the swap partition (/dev/sda1) is recognized correctly. If you boot up with multiple USB drives, Lubuntu might see the USB drive with the swap partition as the second drive (instead of the first drive), and ignore the 2 GB swap partition. If this happens, starting Reddcoin can render the Raspberry Pi unresponsive.
Connection issues If you have issues syncing the blockchain because you have 0 network connections, please follow the instructions in this thread.
Start Reddcoin Core easier Run a shell script (.sh file), so you can start Reddcoin just by double clicking on an icon on your Desktop.
Right Click on your Desktop and select Create New -> Empty File. ↳ Screenshot
Enter a file name, make sure it ends with .sh, and click on OK. I've chosen for Reddcoin.sh. ↳ Screenshot The file will be created on your Desktop. ↳ Screenshot
Add the command to start Reddcoin to the file.
Right click on the file, select Leafpad (to open the file in a text editor). ↳ Screenshot
Add the following to the file and save the file: sudo /media/rpi3b/usb/reddcoin/src/qt/reddcoin-qt ↳ Screenshot
To be able to execute the shell script (.sh), it has to have 'execute permissions'.
Right click on the file, and select Properties. ↳ Screenshot
Click on the Permissions tab.
For Execute, select Anyone, and click on OK. ↳ Screenshot
To start Reddcoin Core, double click on the file. A new window will pop-up, asking you what you want. Execute in Terminal is what we want, so you can click on enter. ↳ Screenshot Reddcoin Core will now start. Do not close the Terminal window, you can minimize it if needed.
Minimization options Adjust minimization options, so you can safely press on the X button (the close/exit button on the upper right corner).
Activate 'Minimize on close'. Settings -> Options... -> Window (tab) -> Minimize on close. ↳ Screenshot Reddcoin will still run when you click on the X button. To close/exit Reddcoin, right click on the Reddcoin icon in the system tray (bottom right corner). ↳ Screenshot
RealVNC VNC Viewer (client) and VNC Connect (server): To remote connect to the Raspberry Pi, I use VNC Viewer ad VNC Connect from RealVNC.
After your download is finished, open the file and click Install Package. ↳ Screenshot
To run the VNC Connect once:
Open [Menu] > Run, and enter: vncserver-x11 ↳ Screenshot
To auto run on startup:
Open Default applications for LXSession ([Menu] > Preferences > Default applications for LXSession). ↳ Screenshot
In LXSessions configuration, select Autostart in the menu left.
Under Manual autostarted applications, enter vncserver-x11 and click on + Add. ↳ Screenshot ↳ Screenshot
Reboot your Raspberry Pi and check if VNC Connect is started automatically after the reboot.
When VNC Connect is running, you'll see a VNC icon on the right bottom corner. Double click the icon to open VNC Connect and to see the IP address you need to enter to connect to your Raspberry Pi. ↳ Screenshot
Chromium as browser: The updates break Firefox, the browser crashes when you try to run it. Install another browser, Chromium, to solve this issue.
In LXTerminal, enter: sudo apt install chromium-browser ↳ Screenshot
You can run Chromium via [Menu] > Internet -> Chromium Web Browser ↳ Screenshot
Updates / Upgrades If Software Updater shows up and tells you that there is updated software available, do not install the updates using Software Updater. Use LXTerminal to update Lubuntu.
Open LXTerminal and enter this command to update: sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade ↳ Screenshot
Credits:
cryptoBUZE on reddit.com; for getting the official arm_support_v2.zip to work.
worstkaas on reddit.com; for his suggestion of using 2 GB instead of 1 GB for the swap space.
Credits in previous tutorial:
My main source: damsal01 on reddcointalk.org. His RDD address for donation: Rqd8xDv6oV9BYFaVrLdkWcR5JU6sPPZTKs.
hieplenet on reddit.com. His RDD address for donation: RaF3TeWqgTzAdnaZQffnsxS74dag13zsAY.
joroob on Github.com. He made some adjustments to the reddcoin wallet source code so it will compile on ARM cpus. His RDD address for donation: Rb8754QZvpbw6DjrMV1qX9SnHzYnSyXRMC.
Source https://news.bitcoin.com/how-crypto-became-a-gamblers-paradise/ Comparing cryptocurrency trading to gambling is like comparing crypto tribalism to religion: the analogy is correct, but it’s also tired. What bears emphasizing, then, isn’t that crypto trading and crypto gambling are often indistinguishable, but the extent to which the two disciplines permeate the cryptosphere. From the most popular dapps to the leading hacks, everything of interest within the space can be interpreted as a form of gambling. It’s the reason why crypto is so fascinating and so addictive.
The Whole World Is a Game
The gamification of everything is the endgame of life itself. Soon it will be impossible to go for a jog without receiving a high score or being showered in shitcoins for your efforts. Competition is what drives us as humans. The desire to be better than one’s fellow man or woman is the reason we’re here today on the internet, and not still living in mud huts. Combining money, mathematical puzzles, economics and copious amounts of game theory, crypto is a heady concoction of all the things that spur a man to get out of bed in the morning and conquer the world. And the use of “man,” on this occasion is deliberate. There are many reasons why crypto has been historically male-dominated, some of which are too contentious or tangential to delve into here. This much, however, needs said: men are greater risk takers in life. It’s why their fortunes are more likely to fall in the extremes than in the mean: atop the mountain or in the gutter, but rarely in between. It’s also why crypto’s greatest success story so far has been letting men do what they were gonna do anyway: gamble, both literally and loosely, while striving to stack more sats than their peers.
Gambling on a Future for Dapps
What is altcoin trading if not a game to end up with more BTC than you started out with? Whether you get there through charting ichimoku clouds or rolling high-low in a crypto casino seems immaterial. To understand the extent to which gambling dominates the cryptosphere, there’s only one place to start – the dapp store. Hit up your favorite dapp tracker (Dappradar or State of the Dapps are probably best) and take a look at the most popular decentralized applications on each chain.
Top 10 dapps according to Dappradar
State of the Dapps notes six of the dapps in its top 10 as being gambling. Dappradar, which records more crypto networks, including Tron, also has six gambling applications in its top 10. Leading the pack is Wink, the betting platform that uses the same principles as Bitcoin.com’s Cashgames: instant wins, micropayments, and provably fair gambling. Wink can be accessed as a conventional casino or on a game by game (i.e dapp by dapp) basis. In most respects, Wink is indistinguishable from any other crypto casino, with the primary difference being the way in which it’s accessed. Online casinos can be banned and geo-restricted, as often occurs at national level. Dapps, while not the censorship-resistant paradise their proponents would have them, are a lot harder to block. It’s no surprise that many of the most popular gambling dapps have struck gold in Asia, where download links are shared in Wechat groups and where wagering on life is a way of life for many.
Trading or Wagering?
Not all gambling dapps can be neatly filed into the gambling category. How to interpret Bulls vs Bears for example? Like many of the leading dapps on Tron and EOS, it’s dubbed as gaming, rather than gambling, and as a skill-based endeavor, that’s technically correct. Players don’t compete against the house, and since the game calls for predicting crypto market trends, there’s skill involved. With talk of a “dynamic wagering environment” and large jackpots, though, it’s clear who the dapp’s target demographic is. Like many new dapps trying to bootstrap, Bulls vs Bears relies on giveaways (in this case TRX tokens for signing up) as a means of getting bodies through the door, or rather users on the protocol. In condensing the act of trading into basic binary options – high/low, bull/bear, the dapp bestows the same duality that bifurcates so many other domains in life, from U.S. politics to dead rappers. Are you a bull or bear? Republican or Democrat? Biggie or Tupac fan? Somewhere out there is a dapp for that, where you can wager on binary options for all the things you love and hate. Further blurring the lines between what constitutes gambling and what’s trading is Guesser. Built on Augur, it’s technically a prediction market that uses crowdsourced wisdom to determine probable outcomes. In reality though, it’s a betting dapp, and a very neat one at that. Guesser appears to have given up all pretences of operating a prediction market, inviting users to “Bet up to” a certain amount on each market.
There’s More Than One Way to Beat a Dapp
While crypto users have been filling Telegram and Wechat groups with gambling dapp strategies, a handful of more enterprising individuals have been working on their own means of beating the system. In crypto, as in everything else, there’s always a way to fast track your way to riches, provided you don’t mind breaking a few rules along the way. Eosplay usage briefly dropped to zero after an attacker found a way to drain the pool of EOS. Eosplay is the sixth most popular gambling dapp on EOS. For a short while, over the weekend, it was also the most profitable for whoever rented a bunch of resources and used them to clean out 30,000 EOS from the contract. Call it genius, cheating or a bit of both, it was an effective case study in unorthodox ways to beat the house. People can moan about the rough edges around defi protocols, the unreadability of bitcoin addresses, and the complexity of wallet recovery, but not everything in crypto is quite so wonky. Gambling has been a mainstay since the beginning of Bitcoin, and developers have gotten extremely efficient at it. If crypto builders can approach other ecosystem verticals with the same gusto with which players and devs have approached gambling dapps, mainstream adoption is just a UX breakthrough away. Where there’s a will to innovate, there’s a way, and when there’s money wagering on it, no problem is too big to solve. From casinos to bitcoin, formerly fringe interests have now been normalized, thanks to those willing to put a punt on them when no one else would. Where gamblers lead, the mainstream tends to follow. Do you think gambling is one of the best use cases for crypto to date? Let us know in the comments section below.
A proposal for a decentralized social network layer capable of storing rich media
Hello folks! I have been thinking about the idea of decentralised social network for quite some time, and recently the ideas formed what I think is a rather compete picture. In light of recent Yours announcements I think it's a proper time to share these ideas with a community. It turned into a long post, and there is no guarantee these idea have a contact with reality, so forgive me if I stole a few minutes of your time. Protools and standards that will help to understand the proposal (besides blockchain): Memo - blockchain-based base social network protocol, WebRTC transport protocol, WebTorrent JavaScript BitTorrent protocol implementation, BidDB - blockchain crawler by u/unwriter, Progressive Web Apps –– cross platform mobile and desktop apps installable without gatekeepers. Overall, I prefer WebTorrent in my proposal instead of IPFS as BitTorrent protocol is proved to be robust for almost two decades, while IPFS at this moment is very young and overhyped. What I propose is a layer that can exist on top of any Memo-like protocol, where Memo forms a base social network state, and the media layer extends its capabilities so that it's possible to store rich media files without any centralised hostings. Here are the hypothesis/axioms I use as a basement for such a media layer
Storing the content in a distributed space is obviously very tricky. Most ongoing projects try to provide a monetisation layer that's used to subsidise those who provide a storage facilities (e.g. Filecoin x IPFS). That won't work in a social network: it's tricky enought to enrol people in a network where they need to pay something to post*, and it's likely impossible to bootstrap a new network where they have to pay to download a picture. We should take into account there will likely be some suitable monetisation protocols in the future, but we need to figure out how to bootstrap a network without such.
Considering the above statement, we have to design a media layer that will engage people in seeding process voluntarily. I believe that's not completely impossible, albeit as well tricky.
To reach masses the layer should be accessible from within any standard modern browser as is, including mobile versions, without installation of any extensions / native apps.
To prevent exploitation by bad actors willing to put implementations under radar, the layer should provide content categorisation out of the box. At the same time, there shouldn't be any mechanisms that can implicitly or explicitly exclude certain content from the network.
It's impossible to design a layer that will guarantee the permanent storage of the media content. The best storage layer we have to date is blockchain itself, which won't provide enough space for at least another decade (if ever). That's not inherently bad for social networks: as was proven during last five years, the disappearing content is a feature in itself. That said, the main task for the layer is to provide a possibility to everyone to bootload a certain piece of media into network's 'memory'.
there are proposals that are completely out of blockchain space (e.g. (Fritter](https://github.com/beakerbrowsefritter), but I believe social networks need at least some level of persistence, which is likely impossible to achieve without a blockchain these days. That said, memo/peepeth architectures are those I treat as the most interesting, and the former is definitely more intriguing due to the utxo model.
The proposed idea is based on a play of three actors, or a triangle of 'Original Posters' 'Moderators' and 'Viewers'. Below is detailed explanation of each role, and there are some sub-roles that will be discussed alongside. Original Poster is anyone connected to the internet who is willing to share any kind of content with the world with only modern browser and a content itself in possession. Moderator is anyone in the connected world who is willing to be engaged into a socially important role with only a desktop computer with decent amount of free disk space in possession. There is no need to ask a permission to become a moderator. Viewer is anyone willing to enjoy the media without the need to be engaged with existing social media platforms. Base technologies:
A webtorrent enabled website with a support of basic bch wallet functionaloty.
A webtorrent enabled website with a feed of op_return messages. Note: 1 and 2 can be implemented as a single platform. (e.g. instant.io x datacash x chainfeed)
A webrtc enabled cross platform desktop torrent client hybridised with a bitdb instance
A webtorrent enabled torrent tracker(s)
The flow: The Original Poster uses a web browser to create a torrent of the attached media. OP registers the torrent on a tracker, puts infohash alongside a tracker url and desired hashtags into op_return and publishes the memo formatted transaction to bitcoin network. The progress bar shows the status of the 'pseudo' upload that's familiar to most non-tech savvy people. During that phase the content is in network’s ‘working-memory’. The Moderator uses software to parse the op_return feed. The software continuously downloads all the media from initial seeders and presents it to moderator one by one. It does not open itself as a seeder until moderator decided whether this is a kind of content worth bothering. It's completely subjective decision and every moderator can follow personal strategy. It can be imagined as clicking the green and red buttons where the red one is clicked if the content is subjectively a complete garbage. Once the green button is clicked, moderator becomes a seeder of the content. Moderator can also 'reply' to OPs message with hashtags: every hashtag that corresponds to one of initial hashtags gives it additional weight. Every omitted hashtag loses weight. Some new hashtags can as well be introduced by a moderator. The deeper the history of moderator’s categorization activity, the more weight categorization transaction gives to hashtags (but this is a higher level concept and can vary from implementation to implementation). Moderator creates an internal queue of stored media and deletes the oldest content as soon as the storage threshold is hit (but some other policy can be implemented if moderator decides so). Described above is a level00 moderator who decided to judge the very unclassified content that's received directly from initial seeders. If the collective speed of content approval is lower than speed of new content introduction, OPs is notified that it maybe necessary to wait for a prolonged time for content to be uploaded, or the fee can be included towards a 'super-moderator' address, so moderators who operate under a single swarm will priorities that content. That address can be a mulitisig where each moderator is a part of a joint account. Once in a while they unlock funds and distribute them in accordance to each moderator's contribution based on the number of 'categorisation transactions' – replies with hashtags, and there can be additional rules that prevent cheating such as only one categorisation transaction to each OP post is taken into account, or rules with some degree of centralisation that encourage seeding, such as the more the moderator seeds the more he earns from these fees if the swarm operates under a single tracker). Alternatively, payouts can be implemented as simple and centralised as existing mining pools. There are Moderator sub-roles, such as a moderator can choose to only parse the content that was categorised to some degree (e.g. only nsfw content, or only non-nsfw content). The deeper the categorisation, the more precise is the kind of content that's fetched by a moderator, to a degree where moderator can actually enjoy the process a lot as he approves the kind of content he is the most interested in, akin to browsing chronologically filtered subreddit feed. Moderator can also choose to parse several 'categories' simply by 'subscribing' to several hashtags or hashtag tuples. The subroles can be named like moderator level01, level10, level11 etc. By replying to lower level moderator's categorisation transactions, higher-level moderators gives or removes hashtags weight. The Viewer is presented with a feed of op_return media posts (similar to chainfeed.org), and the content is fetched on the fly from the webtorrent network. The moment the content is fetched the viewer becomes a seeder and continues seeding for as long as content is cached inside browser's storage. That way, the more moderators have approved the content, and the more followers the OP has, the longer the content will persist in a network's 'short-term’ memory. The Viewer role has sub-roles as well. As soon as the user is engaged into that kind of social network, he can become a Loyal User by installing a special software on a desktop computer that is very similar to Moderators's software, but differs in a following way: viewer inputs Memo account identifier (which is a bitcoin address) into the software that only fetches and seeds the content that was liked by a user, completely in background. As the whole network state is a public information, each user can increase the level of loyalty by specifying the maximum 'dimension' of the content being fetched and seeded, where 1D is the content liked by initial viewer, 2D is the content liked by initial viewer and accounts followed by initial viewer and so on, up until around 6D, where mostly anything that was liked is stored within individual's storage threshold. Loyal Viewers can adopt different policies to restrict the content being fetched and seeded by blacklisting or prioritising certain hashtags, adopting some third-party priority/black lists, as well as specifying storage threshold. Contented that is stored by Loyal Users can be imagined as persisted in networks ‘long-term’ memory. The more Loyal Users are engaged in a network, and the more likes certain content has, the longer it will be stored. It's worth noting that centralised torrent trackers are not points of failure per se as they are mostly used to pass the content from initial [browser] seeders to moderators. As soon as the content is approved by at least one moderator it can be listed on different trackers operated by different entities, and there can be a rotation of trackers if necessary. That said, each moderator can always re-register all of the content in possession on a new tracker, and the tracker can be adopted by web op_return feed providers. Moreover, the ongoing evolution of browser standards related to web-workers will make in-browser dht lookup a reality in a 2-3 years, which is likely a reasonable window to bootstrap such a network. OP can use some trackers only known among neighbours in particular area. The layer is vulnerable to a situation where trackers blacklist certain content, and such content can be accessed by using a different op_return feed provider with different trackers, or a native app that will be able to fetch content seeders from the dht. Networks such as i2p can be used to create deep media layers operated anonymously. Also, as Tor is adopted by mainstream browsers (e.g. Brave) Viewers can access trackers through Tor, and such trackers are more resilient. These viewers will be unable to seed, however. The layer is capable of storing any kind of content, but during bootstrap phase it will be most suitable for images, short video/audio messages, markdown formatted blogposts with embedded media. Each Moderator / Loyal Viewer can adopt different policies related to the size of the content being fetched and stored according to investments into storage facilities. If the proposed idea works, there will be parties willing to store some heavyweight content such as movies. If the layer is accessed from within a native app, it's even capable of livestreams, where the more users are watching a stream the more bandwidth there is for others to join, completely without any centralised content distribution networks. As outlined above, the layer consist of short-term memory layer capable of storing content for minutes-days, and long-term memory layer capable of storing content for months and probably years. I use biological metaphors here instead of computer science ones as in my opinion the behaviour of this media layer resembles human memory more than computer memory, as ultimately it's a collective human brain decides what to remember and for how long. There is no guarantee that something will be stored at all, and at the same time some kind of content that's collectively perceived as valuable can be stored for a prolonged period of time. Few words in regard to monetisation. Some heavily engaged players can choose to archive old content and provide access in trade for some micropayments. I see like the Joystream protocol can be used here with little changes such as adoption of webrtc transport protocol. Some different monetisation strategies can be discussed later as microtransaction technologies are more mature and well understood. I am willing to form a workgroup of developers and creative enthusiasts who find the described idea interesting. I have been thinking about a possible starting point, so I have acquired the BlockPress source code with intention to distribute it in open source. We postponed the announcement a bit as the process of open-source release always takes time. BlockPress is an alternative Memo protocol implementation with a rather slick UI that's familiar to non tech savvy users - the quality I find extremely important. I think this can be a good starting point. If you think so as well, feel free to drop me a telegram message @taowanzou or [proton mail](mailto:[email protected]). Follow me on memo as well! Sorry for any possible mistakes as English is not my primary language. And thanks for you time reading this!
There is a discussion about nodes that came up today, where it seems I'm discouraging people from running the full QT/Core client. Yes and No. What I'm trying to make sure people understand is how things work, and that it is NOT mandatory to run a client in order to use Dogecoins (and yes, I realise that browser-based tools like coinb.in and wallet sweepers are 'clients' by strict definition). That said, more nodes is absolutely a good thing for the network. Preferrably full nodes. How do you run a full node? Just run Core/QT and open up Port 22556 on your router so it can connect to more than 8 peers. What will it cost you? You need your machine to be on 24/7/365, you need enough storage for the full blockchain (currently about 20Gb. Bitcoin is over 120Gb) and enough bandwidth to keep it in sync and share blocks with peers. A couple of Gb a month, most likely. This is best done with a desktop on a wired broadband link. Or maybe a hosted VM in the cloud. :)
EDIT 2017-01-09: Wallets WITHOUT Clients
Since I started helping people on /BitcoinBeginners, I'm getting a lot of questions about how to use wallets without running clients or trusting third parties. So here are a couple of resources that will make that possible, and not just for Dogecoin: Multi-Coin Wallet GeneratorNow supporting 129 currencies!Coinb.in Start by setting the currency, found in the gear wheel in the Broadcast tab. Dogecoin Wallet Sweeper Redeem 'paper' wallets containing up to about 100 UTXOs. Bitinfo Charts My favourite block explorer, handles a bunch of cryptos. Using these resources, it is possible to hold, receive and spend coins in various currencies, without having to run QT or a 'lite' client. You can also download and run the pages on your own device.
EDIT 2016-11-23: SEMANTICS about MINING! :P
Even though there is already a section on mining below, it has been suggested given the huge number of posts on the subject that this needs to be made clearer. Since people get their panties in a twist over the word 'dead', lets change that...
MINING IS DEAD!
MINING DOGECOIN IS UNPROFITABLE!
Put simply, there is no way to mine Dogecoin and make a profit because of the massive hashpower provided by industrial-scale Litecoin miners. Mining Doge directly stopped being viable when our hashrate exploded with the introduction of AuxPoW. Mining with CPU's and GPU's died when ASICs were introduced. And mining with a laptop WILL kill your laptop and cost you a fortune to repair or replace. Mining Litecoin with an exchange that also mines Doge and others will earn less than the electricity consumed, and you won't recover your costs. Probably ever, but certainly not in any reasonable time. Mining other currencies may be a thing, but that's beyond our scope here. This is /Dogecoin, not /GetRichMiningCryptos after all. If you want to mine the newest scamcoin for fun and profit, look elsewhere for advice. :/ Oh, and most important:
READ BEFORE YOU POST!
At any given time, there are half a dozen posts on the frontpage just like the one you're about to write, where the answers have already been given. Read them. Don't make people waste their time repeating themselves because you were too lazy to bother reading stuff. :P So there I was, having a quiet Sundy arvo bludge, as you do, when 42points turned up on Facebook and asked me to write a new sticky post for /dogecoin. Why would he do this, when he should be having a bludge himself, I hear you ask? Well, seems he was doing exactly that, and wanted to fob off the work he’s too slack to do himself. ;) Ah well, being a sucker for punishment, I’ll grudgingly oblige I guess. OK, first things first.
The Clients:
A client is a piece of software you keep on your computer which holds one or more wallets. Here are the current client versions. If you're using an older client please upgrade to the newest version prior to sending/receiving coins. Backup! Backup! Backup your wallet.dat file or private key so you can import them into the latest version of the client.
Be warned that unless you’re running Core (aka QT), you could have issues with wallets containing lots of UTXOs (Unspent Transaction Outputs - Where your coins REALLY live). Go read the ELI5 below, and keep a close eye on your transaction counts. If you DO run Core, realise that all full clients, regardless of the coin, require a copy of the blockchain and must keep it up to date. This will cost you time, storage space and bandwidth. You can save a little by downloading the bootstrap file though. I haven’t checked how recent this one is, so let me know if you find a more current version.
Probably not, if truth be told. Go read these two ELI5’s if you haven’t already. They contain critical information to help you decide. I’ll wait till you get back. ;)
OK, so next, grab this wallet generator. Even if you plan on running a client(s). Because a) it does many, many cryptocurrencies, and b) you WILL need wallets at some stage over and above what you keep in your clients. Just be sure to run it locally (and offline if you’re truly paranoid).
Oh, and here’s a simple way to keep track of all your wallets using HTML. You can grab the source and modify it, then upload it wherever you need to suit your needs. You will also want a separate file with your private keys, but don’t upload that one anywhere, because if you lose your keys or someone else gets access to them, you will lose your coins.
Next, be aware that there are online wallets available. While any wallet you don’t own the keys to isn’t actually yours, and therefore isn’t safe, the following are safer than most. Dogetipbot of course is used daily by shibes on Reddit. Block.io uses multisig and gives you Doge, BTC and LTC wallets as well as testnets, and Dogechain gives you your private keys (and also offers a wallet sweeping service).
Exchanges also offer wallets, of course. Not that you should use them to store your hard-earned coins, because they can and do get hacked with monotonous regularity. But at some stage you’re going to want to trade, or hold a few uncommon coins. You could do worse than these three:
And then there’s the obligatory question of mining. Put simply, mining is for all intents and purposes dead, and has been for a long time now. The costs are greater than any possible returns. But, if you insist on doing it anyway, maybe because you inherited a miner, you can earn about 0.01 LTC/day per MH/s merge-mining at Litecoinpool. That’s about 4 cents. :(
Shibes sometimes complain that the devs are not as active in /dogecoin as they used to be. You can find them on IRC, slack or their very own sub if you need them though. Or poke sporklin, who can often help.
You can of course ask any questions here, or post them in the sub. However, do try searching first, because I guarantee every possible question has been asked many times before. And you should also subscribe and hang out in /dogeducation occasionally. There’s much awesomeness there.
From peoplma I was wondering if you could add just a couple things. A link to the coinomi android wallet, it's probably the best one out there. And a sentence somewhere along the lines of "if you need help with any dogecoin software you are welcome to make a post, but PLEASE include your OS, version number of the client, and any relevant transaction IDs that you are willing to share" if you can fit that in somewhere. Also, if you want to link to Prohashing, I'm pretty sure it's the only Scrypt mining pool that will actually pay out in doge. The others I know of pay out in litecoin or bitcoin. And it's a profit switching multipool, so gives a better return than just mining ltc/doge. And there's these two wiki articles I thought would be helpful to link /dogecoin/wiki/technical for those technically minded newbies or intermediate users who want to dig a little deeper. And maybe a link to /dogecoin/wiki/dogecoincoreguide next to the link for dogecoin core. From pts2002 Finally a proper sticky post! Here's some other stuff you could add: zpool.ca mining pool - You can get paid in pretty much any coin, and you can mine in multiple algos (currently mining lyra2v2 with my GPU). Doing about 500Ð/day shapeshift.io exchange - My favourite exchange, quick and easy. No registration required! Also, you should add some blockchain explorers! chain.so - Support for bitcoin, litecoin and doge. dogechain.info - Official blockchain explorer. Includes a wallet (already mentioned). Live update currently not working (?) EDIT: Here's another thing I found! preev.com currency value calculator - Easy way to check the value of your dogecoins (or bitcoins, or litecoins, or peercoins)!
An attempt at a fully comprehensive look at how to scale bitcoin. Lets bring Bitcoin out of Beta!
WARNING THIS IS GOING TO BE A REALLY REALLY LONG POST BUT PLEASE READ IT ALL. SCALING BITCOIN IS A COMPLEX ISSUE! HOPEFULLY HAVING ALL THE INFO IN ONE PLACE SHOULD BE USEFUL
Like many people in the community I've spent the past month or so looking deeply into the bitcoin scaling debate. I feel there has never been a fully comprehensive thread on how bitcoin could scale. The closest I have seen is gavinandresen's medium posts back in the summer describing the problem and a solution, and pre-emptively answering supposed problems with the solution. While these posts got to the core of the issue and spawned the debate we have been having, they were quite general and could have used more data in support. This is my research and proposal to scale bitcoin and bring the community back together.
The Problem
There seems to me to be five main fundamental forces at play in finding a balanced solution;
'node distribution',
'mining decentralisation',
'network utility',
'time',
'adoption'.
Node Distribution Bandwidth has a relationship to node count and therefore 'node distribution'. This is because if bandwidth becomes too high then fewer people will be able to run a node. To a lesser extent bandwidth also effects 'mining decentralisation' as miners/pool owners also need to be able to run a node. I would argue that the centralisation pressures in relation to bandwidth are negligible though in comparison to the centralisation pressure caused by the usefulness of larger pools in reducing variance. The cost of a faster internet connection is negligible in comparison to the turnover of the pools. It is important to note the distinction between bandwidth required to propagate blocks quickly and the bandwidth required to propagate transactions. The bandwidth required to simply propagate transactions is still low today. New node time (i.e. the time it takes to start up a new node) also has a relationship with node distribution. i.e. If it takes too long to start a new node then fewer people will be willing to take the time and resources to start a new node. Storage Space also has a relationship with node distribution. If the blockchain takes up too much space on a computer then less people will be willing to store the whole blockchain. Any suitable solution should look to not decrease node distribution significantly. Mining Decentralisation Broadcast time (the time it takes to upload a block to a peer) has a relationship with mining centralisation pressures. This is because increasing broadcast time increases the propagation time, which increases the orphan rate. If the orphan rate it too high then individual miners will tend towards larger pools. Validation time (the time it to validate a block) has a relationship with mining centralisation pressures. This is because increasing validation time increases the propagation time, which increases the orphan rate. If the orphan rate it too high then individual miners will tend towards larger pools. Any suitable solution should look to not increase mining centralisation significantly. Network Utility Network Utility is one that I find is often overlooked, is not well understood but is equally as important. The network utility force acts as a kind of disclaimer to the other two forces. It has a balancing effect. Increasing the network utility will likely increase user adoption (The more useful something is, the more people will want to use it) and therefore decreasing network utility will likely decrease user adoption. User adoption has a relationship with node count. i.e. the more people, companies and organisations know about and use bitcoin, the more people, companies and organisations that will run nodes. For example we could reduce block size down to 10KB, which would reduce broadcast time and validation time significantly. This would also therefore reduce mining centralisation pressures significantly. What is very important to realise though is that network utility would also be significantly be reduced (fewer people able to use bitcoin) and therefore so would node distribution. Conversely, if we increased the block size (not the limit) right now to 10GB, the network utility would be very high as bitcoin would be able to process a large number of transactions but node distribution would be low and mining centralisation pressures would be high due to the larger resource requirements. Any suitable solution should look to increase network utility as time increases. Time Time is an important force because of how technology improves over time. Technology improves over time in a semi-predicable fashion (often exponential). As we move through time, the cost of resources required to run the bitcoin network (if the resource requirements remained static) will decrease. This means that we are able to increase resource requirements proportional to technological improvements/cost reductions without any increase in costs to the network. Technological improvements are not perfectly predictable though so it could be advantageous to allow some buffer room for when technological improvements do not keep up with predictions. This buffer should not be applied at the expense of the balance between the other forces though (i.e. make the buffer too big and network utility will be significantly decreased).
Adoption Increasing adoption means more people using the bitcoin/blockchain network. The more people use bitcoin the more utility it has, and the more utility Bitcoin has the more people will want to use it (network effect). The more people use bitcoin, the more people there that have an incentive to protect bitcoin. Any suitable solution should look to increase adoption as time increases.
The Solution Proposed by some of the bitcoin developers - The Lightning Network
The Lightning Network (LN) is an attempt at scaling the number of transactions that can happen between parties by not publishing any transaction onto the blockchain unless it is absolutely necessary. This is achieved by having people pool bitcoin together in a "Channel" and then these people can transact instantly within that channel. If any shenanigans happen between any of the parties, the channel can be closed and the transactions will be settled on the blockchain. The second part of their plan is limit the block size to turn bitcoin into a settlement network. The original block size limit of 1MB was originally put in place by Satoshi as an anti-DOS measure. It was to make sure a bad actor could not propagate a very large block that would crash nodes and increase the size of the blockchain unnecessarily. Certain developers now want to use this 1MB limit in a different way to make sure that resource requirements will stay low, block space always remains full, fees increase significantly and people use the lightning network as their main way of transacting rather than the blockchain. They also say that keeping the resource requirements very low will make sure that bitcoin remains decentralised. Problems with The Lightning Network The LN works relatively well (in theory) when the cost and time to publish a set of transactions to the network are kept low. Unfortunately, when the cost and time to publish a set of transactions on the blockchain become high, the LN's utility is diminished. The trust you get from a transaction on the LN comes only from the trustless nature of having transactions published to the bitcoin network. What this means is that if a transaction cannot be published on the bitcoin network then the LN transaction is not secured at all. As transactions fees rise on the bitcoin blockchain the LN utility is diminished. Lets take an example:
Cost of publishing a transaction to the bitcoin network = $20
LN transaction between Bob and Alice = $20.
Transaction between Bob and Alice has problem therefore we want to publish it to the blockchain.
Amount of funds left after transaction is published to the blockchain = $20 - $20 = $0.
This is also not a binary situation. If for example in this scenario, the cost to publish the transaction to blockchain was $10 then still only 50% of the transaction would be secure. It is unlikely anyone really call this a secure transaction. Will a user make a non-secured/poorly secured transaction on the LN when they could make the same transaction via an altcoin or non-cryptocurrency transaction and have it well secured? It's unlikely. What is much more likely to happen is that transaction that are not secured by bitcoin because of the cost to publish to the blockchain will simply overflow into altcoins or will simply not happen on any cryptocurrency network. The reality is though, that we don't know exactly what will happen because there is no precedent for it. Another problem outside of security is convenience. With a highly oversaturated block space (very large backlog of transactions) it could take months to have a transaction published to the blockchain. During this time your funds will simply be stuck. If you want to buy a coffee with a shop you don't have a channel open with, instead of simply paying with bitcoin directly, you would have to wait months to open a channel by publishing a transaction to the bitcoin blockchain. I think your coffee might be a little cold by then (and mouldy). I suggest reading this excellent post HERE for other rather significant problems with the LN when people are forced to use it. The LN is currently not complete and due to its high complexity it will take some time to have industry wide implementation. If it is implemented on top of a bitcoin-as-a-settlement-network economy it will likely have very little utility. Uses of The LN The LN is actually an extremely useful layer-2 technology when it is used with it's strengths. When the bitcoin blockchain is fast and cheap to transact on, the LN is also extremely useful. One of the major uses for the LN is for trust-based transactions. If you are transacting often between a set of parties you can truly trust then using LN makes absolute sense since the trustless model of bitcoin is not necessary. Then once you require your funds to be unlocked again it will only take a short time and small cost to open them up to the full bitcoin network again. Another excellent use of LN would be for layer-3 apps. For example a casino app: Anyone can by into the casino channel and play using real bitcoins instantly in the knowledge that is anything nefarious happens you can instantly settle and unlock your funds. Another example would be a computer game where you can use real bitcoin in game, the only difference is that you connect to the game's LN channel and can transact instantly and cheaply. Then whenever you want to unlock your funds you can settle on the blockchain and use your bitcoins normally again. LN is hugely more powerful, the more powerful bitcoin is. The people making the LN need to stick with its strengths rather than sell it as an all-in-one solution to bitcoin's scaling problem. It is just one piece of the puzzle.
Improving Network Efficiency
The more efficient the network, the more we can do with what we already have. There are a number of possible efficiency improvements to the network and each of them has a slightly different effect. Pruning Pruning allows the stored blockchain size to be reduced significantly by not storing old data. This has the effect of lowering the resource requirements of running a node. a 40GB unpruned blockchain would be reduced in size to 550MB. (It is important to note that a pruned node has lower utility to the network) Thin Blocks Thin blocks uses the fact that most of the nodes in the network already have a list of almost all the same transactions ready to be put into the blockchain before a block is found. If all nodes use the same/similar policy for which transactions to include in a block then you only need to broadcast a small amount of information across the network for all nodes to know which transactions have been included (as opposed to broadcasting a list of all transactions included in the block). Thin Blocks have the advantage of reducing propagation which lowers the mining centralisation pressure due to orphaned blocks. libsecp256k1libsecp256k1 allows a more efficient way of validating transactions. This means that propagation time is reduced which lowers the mining centralisation pressure due to orphaned blocks. It also means reduced time to bootstrap the blockchain for a new node. Serialised Broadcast Currently block transmission to peers happens in parallel to all connected peers. Obviously for block propagation this is a poor choice in comparison to serial transmission to each peer one by one. Using parallel transmission means that the more peers you have, the slower the propagation, whereas serial transmission does not suffer this problem. The problem that serial transmission does suffer from though is variance. If the order that you send blocks to peers in is random, then it means sometimes you will send blocks to a peer who has a slow/fast connection and/or is able to validate slowly/quickly. This would mean the average propagation time would increase with serialised transmission but depending on your luck you would sometimes have faster propagation and sometimes have slower propagation. As this will lower propagation time it will also lower the mining centralisation pressure due to orphaned blocks. (This is just a concept at the moment but I don't see why it couldn't be implemented). Serialised Broadcast Sorting This is a fix for the variance that would occur due to serialised broadcast. This sorts the order that you broadcast a block to each peer into; fastest upload + validation speed first and slowest upload speed and validation speed last. This not only decreases the variance to zero but also allows blocks to propagation to happen much faster. This also has the effect of lowering the mining centralisation pressure due to orphaned blocks. (This is just a concept at the moment but I don't see why it couldn't be implemented). Here is a table below that shows roughly what the effects these solutions should have.
Name
Bandwidth
Broadcast Time
Validation Time
New Node Time
Storage Space
Pruning
1
1
1
1
0.014
Thin Blocks
0.42
0.1
0.1
1
1
libsecp256k1
1
1
0.2
0.6
1
Serialised Broadcast
1
0.5
1
1
1
KYN
1
0.75
1
1
1
Segregated Witness
1
1
1
0.4
1
TOTAL
0.42
0.0375
0.02
0.24
0.014
Multiplier
2.38
26.7
50
-
70
(The "multiplier" shows how many times higher the block size could be relative to the specific function.)
The Factors in Finding a Balanced Solution
At the beginning of this post I detailed a relatively simple framework for finding a solution by describing what the problem is. There seems to me to be five main fundamental forces at play in finding a balanced solution; 'node distribution', 'mining decentralisation', 'network utility', 'time' and 'adoption'. The optimal solution needs to find a balance between all of these forces taking into account a buffer to offset our inability to predict the future with absolute accuracy. To find a suitable buffer we need to assign a set of red line values which certain values should not pass if we want to make sure bitcoin continues to function as well as today (at a minimum). For example, percentage of orphans should stay below a certain value. These values can only be a best estimate due to the complexity of bitcoin economics, although I have tried to provide as sound reasoning as possible. Propagation time It seems a fair limit for this would be roughly what we have now. Bitcoin is still functioning now. Could mining be more decentralised? Yes, of course, but it seems bitcoin is working fine right now and therefore our currently propagation time for blocks is a fairly conservative limit to set. Currently 1MB blocks take around 15 seconds to propagate more than 50% of the network. 15 second propagation time is what I will be using as a limit in the solution to create a buffer. Orphan Rate This is obviously a value that is a function of propagation time so the same reasoning should be used. I will use a 3% limit on orphan rate in the solution to create a buffer. Non-Pruned Node Storage Cost For this I am choosing a limit of $200 in the near-term and $600 in the long-term. I have chosen these values based on what I think is a reasonable (maximum) for a business or enthusiast to pay to run a full node. As the number of transactions increases as more people use bitcoin the number of people willing to pay a higher price to run a node will also increase although the percentage of people will decrease. These are of course best guess values as there is no way of knowing exactly what percentage of users are willing to pay what. Pruned Node Storage Cost For this I am choosing a limit of $3 in the near-term (next 5 years) and $9 in the long-term (Next 25 years). I have chosen these values based on what I think is a reasonable (maximum) for normal bitcoin user to pay. In fact this cost will more likely be zero as almost all users have an amount of storage free on their computers. Percentage of Downstream Bandwidth Used This is a best guess at what I think people who run nodes would be willing to use to be connected to the bitcoin network directly. I believe using 10% (maximum) of a users downstream bandwidth is the limit of what is reasonable for a full node (pruned and non-pruned). Most users would continue to access the blockchain via SPV wallets though. Downstream is generally a much more valuable resource to a user than upstream due to the nature of the internet usage. Percentage of Upstream Bandwidth Used This is a best guess at what I think people who run nodes would be willing to use to be connected to the bitcoin network directly. I believe using 25% (maximum) of a users downstream bandwidth is the limit of what is reasonable for a full node (pruned and non-pruned). Most users would continue to access the blockchain via SPV wallets though. Upstream is generally a much less valuable resource to a user than downstream due to the nature of the internet usage. Time to Bootstrap a New Node My limit for this value is at 5 days using 50% of downstream bandwidth in the near-term and 30 days in the long-term. This seems like a reasonable number to me for someone who wants to start running a full node. Currently opening a new bank account takes at least week until everything is set up and you have received your cards, so it seems to me people would be willing to wait this long to become connected. Again, this is a best guess on what people would be willing to do to access the blockchain in the future. Most users requiring less security will be able to use an SPV wallet. It is important to note that we only need enough nodes to make sure the blockchain is distributed across many places with many backups of the full blockchain. It is likely that a few thousand is a minimum for this. Increasing this amount to hundreds of thousands or millions of full nodes is not necessarily that much of an advantage to node distribution but could be a significant disadvantage to mining centralisation. This is because the more nodes you have in the network, the longer it takes to propagate >50% of it. Storage Cost Price Reduction Over Time Storage cost follows a linear logarithmic trend. Costs of HDD reducing by 10 times every 5 years, although this has slowed over the past few years. This can be attributed to the flooding in South East Asia and the transition to SSD technology. SSD technology also follows the linear logarithmic trend of costs reducing 10 times every 5 years, or roughly decreasing 37% per year. Average Upload and Download Bandwidth Increases Over Time Average upload and download bandwidth increases in a linear logarithmic trend. Both upload and download bandwidth follow the same trend of doubling roughly every two years, or increasing 40% per year. Price I was hesitant to include this one here but I feel it is unavoidable. Contrary to what people say (often when the price is trending downwards) bitcoin price is an extremely important metric in the long-term. Depending on bitcoin's price, bitcoin's is useful to; enthusiasts->some users->small companies->large companies->nations->the world, in roughly that order. The higher bitcoin's price is the more liquid the market will be and the more difficult it will be to move the price, therefore increasing bitcoin's utility. Bitcoin's price in the long-term is linked to adoption, which seems to happen in waves, as can be seen in the price bubbles over the years. If we are planning/aiming for bitcoin to at least become a currency with equal value to one of the worlds major currencies then we need to plan for a market cap and price that reflect that. I personally think there are two useful targets we should use to reflect our aims. The first, lower target is for bitcoin to have a market cap the size of a major national currency. This would put the market cap at around 2.1 trillion dollars or $100,000 per bitcoin. The second higher target is for bitcoin to become the world's major reserve currency. This would give bitcoin a market cap of around 21 trillion dollars and a value of $1,000,000 per bitcoin. A final, and much more difficult target is likely to be bitcoin as the only currency across the world, but I am not sure exactly how this could work so for now I don't think this is worth considering.
As price increases, so does the subsidy reward given out to miners who find blocks. This reward is semi-dynamic in that it remains static (in btc terms) until 210,000 blocks are found and then the subsidy is then cut in half. This continues to happen until all 21,000,000 bitcoins have been mined. If the value of each bitcoin increases faster than the btc denominated subsidy decreases then the USD denominated reward will be averagely increasing. Historically the bitcoin price has increased significantly faster than subsidy decreases. The btc denominated subsidy halves roughly every 4 years but the price of bitcoin has historically increased roughly 50 fold in the same time.
Bitcoin adoption should happen in a roughly s-curve dynamic like every other technology adoption. This means exponential adoption until the market saturation starts and adoption slows, then the finally is the market becomes fully saturated and adoption slowly stops (i.e. bitcoin is fully adopted). If we assume the top of this adoption s-curve has one of the market caps above (i.e. bitcoin is successful) then we can use this assumption to see how we can transition from a subsidy paid network to a transaction fee paid network. Adoption Adoption is the most difficult metric to determine. In fact it is impossible to determine accurately now, let alone in the future. It is also the one of the most important factors. There is no point in building software that no one is going to use after all. Equally, there is no point in achieving a large amount of adoption if bitcoin offers none of the original value propositions. Clearly there is a balance to be had. Some amount of bitcoin's original value proposition is worth losing in favour of adoption, and some amount of adoption is worth losing to keep bitcoin's original value proposition. A suitable solution should find a good balance between the two. It is clear though that any solution must have increased adoption as a basic requirement, otherwise it is not a solution at all.
One major factor related to adoption that I rarely see mentioned, is stability and predictability. This is relevant to both end users and businesses. End users rely on stability and predictability so that they do not have to constantly check if something has changed. When a person goes to get money from a cash machine or spend money in a shop, their experience is almost identical every single time. It is highly dependable. They don't need to keep up-to-date on how cash machines or shops work to make sure they are not defrauded. They know exactly what is going to happen without having to expend any effort. The more deviation from the standard experience a user experiences and the more often a user experiences a deviation, the less likely a user is going to want to continue to use that service. Users require predictability extending into the past. Businesses who's bottom line is often dependent on reliable services also require stability and predictability. Businesses require predictability that extends into the future so that they can plan. A business is less likely to use a service for which they do not know they can depend on in the future (or they know they cannot depend on). For bitcoin to achieve mass adoption it needs a long-term predictable and stable plan for people to rely on.
The Proposal
This proposal is one based on determining a best fit balance of every factor and a large enough buffer to allows for our inability to perfectly predict the future. No one can predict the future with absolutely certainty but it does not mean we cannot make educated guesses and plan for it.
The first part of the proposal is to spend 2016 implementing all available efficiency improvements (i.e the ones detailed above) and making sure the move to a scaled bitcoin happens as smoothly as possible. It seems we should set a target of implementing all of the above improvements within the first 6 months of 2016. These improvements should be implemented in the first hardfork of its kind, with full community wide consensus. A hardfork with this much consensus is the perfect time to test and learn from the hardforking mechanism. Thanks to Seg Wit, this would give us an effective 2 fold capacity increase and set us on our path to scalability.
The second part of the proposal is to target the release of a second hardfork to happen at the end of 2016. Inline with all the above factors this would start with a real block size limit increase to 2MB (effectively increasing the throughput to 4x compared to today thanks to Seg Wit) and a doubling of the block size limit every two years thereafter (with linear scaling in between). The scaling would end with an 8GB block size limit in the year 2039.
How does the Proposal fit inside the Limits
Propagation time If trends for average upload and bandwidth continue then propagation time for a block to reach >50% of the nodes in the network should never go above 1s. This is significantly quickly than propagation times we currently see. In a worst case scenario we can we wrong in the negative direction (i.e. bandwidth does not increase as quickly as predicted) by 15% absolute and 37.5% relative (i.e. bandwidth improves at a rate of 25% per year rather than the predicted 40%) and we would still only ever see propagation times similar to today and it would take 20 years before this would happen. Orphan Rate Using our best guess predictions the orphan rate would never go over 0.2%. In a worst case scenario where we are wrong in our bandwidth prediction in the negative direction by 37.5% relative, orphan rate would never go above 2.3% and it would take over 20 years to happen. Non-Pruned Node Storage Cost Using our best guess predictions the cost of storage for a non-pruned full node would never exceed $40 with blocks consistently 50% full and would in fact decrease significantly after reaching the peak cost. If blocks were consistently 100% full (which is highly unlikely) then the maximum cost of an un-pruned full node would never exceed $90. In a worst case scenario where we are wrong in our bandwidth prediction in the negative direction by 37.5% relative and we are wrong in our storage cost prediction by 20% relative (storage cost decreases in cost by 25% per year instead of the predicted 37% per year), we would see a max cost to run a node with 50% full blocks of $100 by 2022 and $300 by 2039. If blocks are always 100% full then this max cost rises to $230 by 2022 and $650 in 2039. It is important to note that for storage costs to be as high as this, bitcoin will have to be enormously successful, meaning many many more people will be incentivised to run a full node (businesses etc.) Pruned Node Storage Cost Using our best guess predictions the cost of storage for a pruned full node would never exceed $0.60 with blocks consistently 50% full. If blocks were consistently 100% full (which is highly unlikely) then the max cost of an un-pruned full node would never exceed $1.30. In a worst case scenario where we are wrong in our bandwidth prediction in the negative direction by 37.5% relative and we are wrong in our storage cost prediction by 20% relative (storage cost decreases in cost by 25% per year instead of the predicted 37% per year), we would see a max cost to run a node with 50% full blocks of $1.40 by 2022 and $5 by 2039. If blocks are always 100% full then this max cost rises to $3.20 by 2022 and $10 in 2039. It is important to note that at this amount of storage the cost would be effectively zero since users almost always have a large amount of free storage space on computers they already own. Percentage of Downstream Bandwidth Used Using our best guess predictions running a full node will never use more than 0.3% of a users download bandwidth (on average). In a worst case scenario we can we wrong in the negative direction by 37.5% relative in our bandwidth predictions and we would still only ever see a max download bandwidth use of 4% (average). Percentage of Upstream Bandwidth Used Using our best guess predictions running a full node will never use more than 1.6% of a users download bandwidth (on average). In a worst case scenario we can we wrong in the negative direction by 37.5% relative in our bandwidth predictions and we would only ever see a max download bandwidth use of 24% (average) and this would take over 20 years to occur. Time to Bootstrap a New Node Using our best guess predictions bootstrapping a new node onto the network should never take more than just over a day using 50% bandwidth. In a worst case scenario we can we wrong in the negative direction by 37.5% relative in our bandwidth predictions and it would take one and 1/4 days to bootstrap the blockchain using 50% of the download bandwidth. By 2039 it would take 16 days to bootstrap the entire blockchain when using 50% bandwidth. I think it is important to note that by this point it is very possible the bootstrapping the blockchain could very well be done by simply buying an SSD with blockchain already bootstrapped. 16 days would be a lot of time to download software but it does not necessarily mean a decrease in centralisation. As you will see in the next section, if bitcoin has reached this level of adoption, there may well be many parties will to spend 16 days downloading the blockchain. What if Things Turn Out Worse than the Worse Case? While it is likely that future trends in the technology required to scale bitcoin will continue relatively similar to the past, it is possible that the predictions are completely and utterly wrong. This plan takes this into account though by making sure the buffer is large enough to give us time to adjust our course. Even if no technological/cost improvements (near zero likelihood) are made to bandwidth and storage in the future this proposal still gives us years to adjust course.
What Does This Mean for Bitcoin?
Significantly Increased Adoption For comparison, Paypal handles around 285 transactions per second (tps), VISA handles around 2000tps and the total global non-cash transactions are around 12,400tps. Currently bitcoin is capable of handling a maximum of around 3.5 transactions every second which are published to the blockchain roughly every 10 minutes. With Seg Wit implemented via a hardfork, bitcoin will be capable or around 7tps. With this proposal bitcoin will be capable of handling more transactions than Paypal (assuming Paypal experiences growth of around 7% per year) in the year 2027. Bitcoin will overtake VISA's transaction capability by the year 2035 and at the end of the growth cycle in 2039 it will be able to handle close to 50% of the total global non-cash transactions. When you add on top second layer protocols( like the LN), sidechains, altcoins and off-chain transactions, there should be more than enough capacity for the whole world and every possible conceivable use for digital value transfer. Transitioning from a Subsidy to a Transaction Fee Model Currently mining is mostly incentivised by the subsidy that is given by the network (currently 25btc per block). If bitcoin is to widely successful it is likely that price increases will continue to outweigh btc denominated subsidy decreases for some time. This means that currently it is likely to be impossible to try to force the network into matching a significant portion of the subsidy with fees. The amount of fees being paid to miners has averagely increased over time and look like they will continue to do so. It is likely that the optimal time for fees to start seriously replacing the subsidy is when bitcoin adoption starts to slow. Unless you take a pessimistic view of bitcoin (thinking bitcoin is as big as it ever will be), it is reasonable to assume this will not happen for some time. With this proposal, using an average fee of just $0.05, total transaction fees per day would be:
Year 2020 = $90,720
Year 2025 = $483,840.00
Year 2030 = $2,903,040.00
Year 2035 = $15,482,880.00
Year 2041 = $123,863,040.00 (full 8GB Blocks)
Miners currently earn a total of around $2 million dollars per day in revenue, significantly less than the $124 million dollars in transaction fee revenue possible using this proposal. That also doesn't include the subsidy which would still play some role until the year 2140. This transaction fee revenue would be a yearly revenue of $45 billion for miners when transaction fees are only $0.05 on average.
Proposal Data You can use these two spreadsheets (1 - 2 ) to see the various metrics at play over time. The first spreadsheet shows the data using the predicted trends and the second spreadsheet shows the data with the worst case trends.
Summary
It's very clear we are on the edge/midst of a community (and possibly a network) split. This is a very dangerous situation for bitcoin. A huge divide has appeared in the community and opinions are becoming more and more entrenched on both sides. If we cannot come together and find a way forward it will be bad for everyone except bitcoin's competition and enemies. While this proposal is born from an attempt at finding a balance based on as many relevant factors as possible, it also fortunately happens to fall in between the two sides of the debate. Hopefully the community can see this proposal as a way of making a compromise, releasing the entrenchment and finding a way forward to scale bitcoin. I have no doubt that if we can do this, bitcoin will have enormous success in the years to come.
As per usual the 3 months has been all hand-on-deck, helping to bring further adoption utilities to Groestlcoin. The markets have been red but as always that doesn't stop the show from going on with regards to the development since the last release update on 24th September. Here's a recap of what has happened so far:
Recap:
Groestlcoin was added to Changelly. One of the leading Crypto-to-Crypto exchanges that offer some of the best rates on the market – You can also buy with a debit/credit card too and you can buy/sell Groestlcoin directly from your Coinomi wallet, from the website https://groestlcoin.org#exchanges, and you can enable Changelly swaps on your GRSPay stores!
Groestlcoin was added to the JAXX Liberty wallet! One of the leading multi-crypto wallets in the stores. Safely store your GRS on Android, iOS, Mac OS X, Windows, Linux or Google Chrome. With Jaxx Liberty you are always in control of your private keys, and you can use your wallet on multiple devices. Note: This directly replaces the deprecated JS Wallet which was of a similar (but older) codebase.
Groestlcoin was integrated into AtomicPay – A decentralised cryptocurrency payment processor that eliminates the involvement of a third-party gateway, allowing merchants to accept payments directly from their customers, with over 2500 merchants already signed up, a public release is set for Mid-January 2019.
Huobi officially opened trading for Groestlcoin to Korean customers! And in addition, a giveaway of up to 10,000 GRS was held!
Unocoin ATMs started supporting Groestlcoin at their ATMs, granting the Indian community the ability to withdraw (For INR) and deposit Groestlcoin into their UnoDax account. Groestlcoin $GRS is available on #Unodax exchange with the following pairs: $INR, $TUSD, $BTC.
Groestlcoin was listed on SWFT BLOCKCHAIN, giving you more opportunities to swap your other altcoins with Groestlcoin or vice versa, quickly and securely.
Groestlcoin was added to One Page Exchange! Where you can buy and sell Groestlcoin quickly and easily without any form of registration!
CryptoWolf started accepting VISA, Mastercard and Maesto to buy cryptocurrencies from the CryptoWolf exchange in EUR or USD! Providing a new FIAT gateway to buy Groestlcoin.
Groestlcoin has been added to CoinZark (Formally VertPig) for fast and efficient Crypto-to-Crypto swaps at very competitive rates using exchange aggregates.
Groestlcoin was added to PungoWallet! Pungo wallet is built to showcase the features that anyone can achieve with blockchain technology. They have built a set of modular solutions that allow any company to build a blockchain layer to interact with traditional software.
Groestlcoin was added to StealthEX, offering anonymous cryptocurrency swaps with tens of other coins without disclosing any personal information. Just choose the pairs, enter your address, send your coins and receive your funds!
Groestlcoin joined InvestFeed, granting a company listing and blue verified badge.
Groestlcoin was officially added to Blockfolio Signals – For those of you that use Blockfolio, you can keep updated with all the latest news straight from the app, via the Signals icon.
Groestlcoin has been added to DeltaDirect – Those using Delta can now stay up-to-date with the latest Groestlcoin news, straight from your Delta portfolio tracker app.
Groestlcoin has been added to CoinGecko Beam – Where you can easily follow us and receive updates without searching through social media.
Groestlcoin is now live on BitUniverse Link! All of the latest Groestlcoin updates and news will be directly available on BItUniverse.
Groestlcoin was added to NovaExchange! Launched in 2016 and operating from Sweden, users can trade over 300 different digital assets.
It come to light that the new Baikal BK-G28 supported the Groestl algorithm, after great lengths of discussion, the core development team decided to not fork away from these ASICs for the near future. If you missed it, a full statement on the subject can be found here: https://medium.com/@groestlcoin/groestlcoin-asic-statement-953f47baee98
What’s New Today?
Groestlcoin on Trezor Model T
As of the latest version of the Trezor Model T firmware, Groestlcoin is now officially supported! The Trezor Model T is the next-generation cryptocurrency hardware wallet, designed to be your universal vault for all of your digital assets. Store and encrypt your coins, passwords and other digital keys with confidence. The Trezor Model T now supports over 500 cryptocurrencies.
Blockbook MainNet & TestNet Block Explorer
Blockbook is an open-source Groestlcoin blockchain explorer with complete REST and websocket APIs that can be used for writing web wallets and other apps that need more advanced blockchain queries than provided by groestlcoind RPC. Blockbook REST API provides you with a convenient, powerful and simple way to read data from the groestlcoin network and with it, build your own services.
Features:
Support to broadcast transactions online. Broadcast a raw transaction in hex format over the Groestlcoin network.
Supports every web browser
API – Complete REST and Websocket API for querying blocks, transactions and addresses; and receiving live updates
Light – Thin data model using groestlcoind RPC interface to validate blockchain information. Fast groestlcoind blockchain synchronisation (~1hrs for the entire mainnet), using RocksDB for data storage and optionally raw groestlcoind data files processing.
Exhaustive – Reports on double spend attempts, outpoint confirmations, outputs spend status reports. Input and Output hyperlinks in transactions. Extended view in transactions to show advanced details.
Open Source, written in the Go programming language.
Groestlcoin has been added to the Edge wallet for Android and iOS. Edge wallet is secure, private and intuitive. By including support for ShapeShift, Simplex and Changelly, Edge allows you to seamlessly shift between digital currencies, anywhere with an internet connection.
Features:
Multi-Asset Support. Supporting Bitcoin, Ethereum, Groestlcoin and many others, you can safely hold your coins.
Exchange Support – Supporting Shapeshift, Simplex and Changelly enables the user to seamlessly shift between digital currencies as if you were storing your funds on an exchange.
In-app buying and selling, exchange your FIAT for cryptocurrency directly within the app.
Encrypted with a username and password. Seamless login into multiple devices.
Easy, secure access with PIN or fingerprint. Additionally, supporting 2FA authentication.
Client-side encryption – All of your data is encrypted on your device before any of your information touches the Edge servers. Being free from server-side hacks and malware means that your assets are as secure as they can be.
We are excited to announce that Groestlcoin has been added to CoinID! With integrated cold and hot wallet support, and a host of other unique wallet features, CoinID can easily become your go-to wallet for storing Groestlcoin. More details can be found here: https://coinid.org/s/groestlcoin-wallet-overview.pdf
Features
Integrated Cold wallet. Store your funds offline and sleep tight at night. All you need is a separate Android or iOS device.
Transaction Batching – A feature normally reserved for exchanges, CoinID supports transaction batching, allowing the user to group transactions into one, saving space on the blockchain and lowering your transaction fees considerably as a result.
Complete control – Your private keys never leaves your device. "If you don’t control your private keys, you don’t own your coins".
SegWit support – Support for Segregated Witness, which means smaller transaction sizes, lower fees, and supporting all 3 address types (grs1, 3, F).
Hierarchical Deterministic – Use a single set of keys for multiple coins and addresses. When an address is used, a new one is generated.
Cross-Platform – Built with React Native for rapid development cycles and cross-platform support.
The Groestlcoin BIP39 tool is an open-source web tool for converting BIP39 mnemonic codes to addresses and private keys. This enables the greatest security against third-party wallets potentially disappearing – You’ll still have access to your funds thanks to this tool. What’s New
Added Coinomi, Ledger Client, Groestlcoinomi, Trezor, Safe T, Core, Groestlpay and Samourai to BIP32 Tab
Added BIP49 support
Add BIP38 support
Add CSV tab for derived addresses
BIP84 tab for derivation path
Display version number in top right corner
Groestlcoin ticker is now also displayed
Refactor method to clear old data from the display
BIP44 ‘purpose’ and ‘coin’ fields have been made read only
Tab Order is now alphabetical
Improve showing feedback for pending calculations
Show error when using XPUB with hardened addresses
Rename variables for clarity between BIP49 and P2WPKH Nested in P2SH
QR Codes use correctLevel 3 instead of 2
Update compile script to work across python 2 and 3
Add BIP49 to More Info section
Reword entropy text to indicate using a single source only
Detect and warn when entropy is filtered / discarded
Use new xpub/xprv prefixes for Segwit BIP49
Allow more rows to be generated starting from a custom index
BIP141 tab added for full Segwit compatibility
Show list of word indexes. Checksum shows in entropy details
Populate entropy field with hex value used from PRNG
QR codes with accents now work correctly by replacing jquery.qrcode with kjua
Allow initial number of rows to be set by the user
Raw entropy shows groupings with space every 11 bits for easier usage
Warn that entropy values should exclude checksum
Warn when generating low entropy mnemonics
Warn when overriding weak entropy with a strong mnemonic length
Allow XPUB to be used as root key for Segwit derivations
Add visual privacy safeguard. List alternative tools
Update bootstrap from 3.2.0 to 3.3.7 and jQuery from 2.1.1 to 3.2.1
GroestlcoinJS library upgraded to v3.3.2
General code refactoring, numerous performance improvements and bug fixes
Electrum-GRS is a lightweight "thin client" Groestlcoin wallet Windows, MacOS and Linux based on a client-server protocol. Its main advantages over the original Groestlcoin client include support for multi-signature wallets and not requiring the download of the entire block chain. What’s New
HARDWARE WALLET SUPPORT: Archos Safe-T Mini is now fully supported
Electrum + Android Version 3.2.3:
If a BIP39 seed extension/passphrase contained multiple consecutive whitespaces or leading/trailing whitespaces, then the derived addresses were not following spec. This has been fixed, and anyone affected should move their codes. The wizard will show a warning in this case.
The PRNG used has been changed
Fix Linux distributable, ‘typing’ was not bundled and was required for Python 3.4
Fix spending from Segwit multi-sig wallets involving a Trezor co-signer when using a custom derivation path.
Several other minor bugfixes and usability improvements.
ivendPay and Groestlcoin cryptocurrency have announced the start of integration. IT company ivendPay, the developer of a universal multicurrency payment module for automatic and retail trade, intends to integrate Groestlcoin cryptocurrency — one of the oldest and the most reputable Bitcoin forks into the payment system. Groestlcoin is characterized by instant transactions with almost zero commission and is optimal for mass retail trade where micropayments are mostly used. According to Sergey Danilov, founder and CEO of ivendPay, Groestlcoin will become the 11th cryptocurrency integrated into the payment module. The first working vending machines for the sale of coffee, snacks and souvenirs, equipped with ivendPay modules, served the visitors of the CryptoEvent RIW exhibition at VDNKh in Moscow and accepted Bitcoin, Go Byte, Dash, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Ethereum Classic, Zcash, Bitcoin Gold, Dogecoin and Emercoin. ivendPay terminals are designed and patented to accept payments in electronic money, cryptocurrencies and cash when connecting the corresponding cash terminal. Payment for the purchase takes a few seconds, the choice of the payment currency occurs at the time of placing the order on the screen, the payment is made by QR-code through the cryptocurrency wallet on the smartphone. The interest in equipping vending machines with ivendPay terminals has already been shown by the companies of Malaysia and Israel, where first test networks would be installed. ivendPay compiles a waiting list for vending networks interested in buying terminals and searches for an investor to launch industrial production. According to Sergey Danilov, the universal payment terminal ivendPay for the vending machine will cost about $500. The founder of ivendPay has welcomed the appearance of Groestlcoin among integrated cryptocurrencies, as it is another step towards the realization of the basic idea of digital money - free and cross-border access to goods and services for everybody.
In order to get things running smoothly keep the Bitcoin-Qt (or Bitcoin Cash) application closed and follow these steps after having installed the application successfully on your computer system. Download the latest bootstrap.dat.xz file and uncompress (7-Zip or XZ Utils) the included bootstrap.dat file into your Bitcoin-Qt application folder: 5 Steps To Install Bitcoin-qt Faster - Bitcoin-en.com. 5 Steps to Install and Set Up Bitcoin-Qt (now Bitcoin Core) Faster As of Bitcoin Core version (formerly Bitcoin-Qt) 0.10.0 and later, the block chain bootstrap torrent is *slower* than a direct download using the bitcoin P2P protocol & client. Bitcoin.org used to provide this bootstrap file to accelerate the synchronization process. But that file is not available and they no longer maintain it. Because syncing wallets using bootstrap.dat method is no longer advantageous and is not necessary anymore. GetBitcoinBlockchain.com - service that help to download Bitcoin blockchain fast via torrent< put ads. Here is located actual, always up-to-date, Bitcoin blockchain that can be fast downloaded via torrent. In which cases you need to download Bitcoin blockchain? when you need to get full Bitcoin node ... 3. Import Blockchain With this bootstrap.dat file put under the data directory, when you start up Bitcoin-Qt, if bootstrap.dat file exists, it'll automatically start importing newer blocks (bootstrap.dat) into Bitcoin-Qt. During the import, Bitcoin-Qt verifies transaction signatures and the validity of past payments, and the blockchain files will be re-indexed.
Date Time Picker with Bootstrap (Full Featured) - YouTube
Quick and short tutorial showing the requirements and steps I followed to download the Reddcoin wallet and Bootstrap.dat file to speed up sync process! Hey guys, It's Jason and today I will be explaining what a bootstrap.dat file is and how it operates. I will be disuesssing how it allows for speedy up to date block chain data set with out ... Follow instructions in video. Join https://discord.gg/f54uqxD and create a support ticket in #tickets if you want me to help you and you can't find any solut... PHP how to filter the records between two dates MySQL (phpMyAdmin) - Duration: 14:55. Haritha Computers & Technology 33,325 views Read Tutorial and Download source code from CodexWorld.com - http://www.codexworld.com/bootstrap-datetimepicker-add-date-time-picker-input-field/ Bootstrap D...
